WEEK 18 字源筆記

Final Exam

WEEK 17 字源筆記

1. prefix, root and suffix

com : with; together                       eg. complement, companion
complement (v.) to combine well with something, often something that has different qualities

compliment (n.) something nice that you say to praise someone

 
dis : negative                                  eg. discreet 
discreet (adj.) careful not to say anything that is secret or that could upset someone 

sub, sup : under                              eg. subordinate, superior
subordinate (adj.) having less power or authority than someone else

ad : forward                                     eg. advocate, adventure, adroit
adroit (adj.) clever or skillful 

ob, op : against                               eg. obstacle, opponent
obstacle (n.) a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something 

opponent (n.) 

-al : standing for noun                    eg. removal, refusal, approval, rehersal

2. extra information

a. Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and, during the American Civil War, a Union spy. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era was an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage

b. Checkmate

Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is a game position in chess (and in other board games of the chaturanga family) in which a player's king is in check (threatened with capture) and there is no way to remove the threat. Checkmating the opponent wins the game.

c. reach 

reach the goal
reach the agreement
reach the age of majority

3. About final exam

會考 Kent Smith Chapter 22 (fill-ins)

WEEK 16 字源筆記

1. prefix, root and suffix

succeed, success, successful, successful, successive, predecessor
predecessor (n.) the person who had a job or official position before someone else

der : skin                                        eg. hypodermic, dermatology
hypodermic (n.) a narrow plastic tube with a needle used for putting drugs into your body through the skin

dermatology (n.) the scientific study of skin diseases and the treatment of people who have them 

dum : document                             eg. memorandum, referendum 
memorandum (n.) a short written statement containing information about a particular subject, passed between officials in a government or organization
referendum (n.) an occasion when everyone in a country can vote to make a decision about one particular subject

 
ob : negative                                  eg. obsequious, obstacle
obsequious (adj.) too keen to please someone, in a way that does not seem sincere

amend : fix, replace                        eg. amendment
amendment (n.) a change made to a law or agreement

 

2. extra information

a. Francis of Assisi

Saint Francis of Assisi born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named as Francesco was an Italian Roman Catholic friar and preacher. In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the Sultan to put an end to the conflict of the Crusades. By this point, the Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational structure was no longer sufficient. He returned to Italy to organize the Order. Once his community was authorized by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. Francis is also known for his love of the Eucharist. In 1223, Francis arranged for the first Christmas live nativity scene.In 1224, he received the stigmata, during the apparition of Seraphic angels in a religious ecstasy making him the first recorded person to bear the wounds of Christ's Passion. （被烙印後聽得懂鳥語）

b. Steven Crane

Stephen Crane was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.
The ninth surviving child of Protestant Methodist parents, Crane began writing at the age of four and had published several articles by the age of 16. Having little interest in university studies, he left college in 1891 to work as a reporter and writer. Crane's first novel was the 1893 Bowery tale Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, generally considered by critics to be the first work of American literary Naturalism. He won international acclaim in 1895 for his Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage, which he wrote without having any battle experience.

c. Red Herring

A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue. It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or audiences towards a false conclusion. A red herring might be intentionally used, such as in mystery fiction or as part of rhetorical strategies (e.g. in politics), or it could be inadvertently used during argumentation.

WEEK 15 字源筆記

1. prefix, root and suffix

script : writing                                 eg. prescription, subscription
prescription (n.) a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of medicine you need

subscription (n.) an agreement to pay an amount of money so that you will receive something such as a magazine or a service. You take out a subscription, usually for a year, and renew it if you want to continue the arrangement for another year.

ubi : all around                               eg. ubiquitous, ubiety
ubiquitous (adj.) present everywhere

ubiety (n.) the property of having a definite location at any given time; the state of existing and being localized in space

2. extra information

a. New Testament

→ the four gospels
→ the act
→ the Book of Revelation

b. Blessed Virgin Mary

According to the New Testament, Mary, also known as St Mary the Virgin, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Mary, Mary the Mother of God, or the Virgin Mary—amongst other titles, styles and honorifics—was a Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth and the mother of Jesus. 

c. immaculate conception

The Immaculate Conception, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, was the conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the womb of her mother, Saint Anne, free from original sin by virtue of the foreseen merits of her son Jesus Christ. The Catholic Church teaches that Mary was conceived by normal biological means, but God acted upon her soul (keeping her "immaculate") at the time of her conception. 

d. Thomas Anthony Dooley III

Thomas Anthony Dooley III was an American who, while serving as a physician in the United States Navy and afterwards, became famous for his humanitarian and anti-communist political activities in South East Asia and the United States until his early death from cancer. He authored three popular books that described his activities in Vietnam and Laos: Deliver Us From Evil, The Edge of Tomorrow, and The Night They Burned the Mountain. These three were later collected into a single volume and published as "Dr. Tom Dooley's Three Great Books." The book jacket of "The Edge of Tomorrow" states that Dooley traveled "to a remote part of the world in order to combat the two greatest evils afflicting it: disease and Communism.


Deliver us from evil → And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. (From the Lord's Prayer)


e. Our Father in heaven

The prayer as it occurs in Matthew 6:9–13 

(part of the text)

Our Father in heaven,

hallowed be your name.

Your kingdom come,

your will be done,

on earth, as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread,

and forgive us our debts,

as we also have forgiven our debtors.

And lead us not into temptation,

but deliver us from evil.

WEEK 14 字源筆記

1. prefix, root and suffix

nihil : empty; not                             eg. annihilate, nihilism
annihilate (v.) to destroy a group of people or things completely
nihilism (n.) the belief that nothing in life has any importance or value

  
pro : in favor of                               eg. proponent, protagonist, proficient
proponent (n.) someone who publicly supports an idea, policy, plan etc

protagonist (n.) the main character in a play, film, book, or story
proficient (adj.) firm; loyal; strong in support
 
omni : all                                         eg. omniscient, omnipotent
omniscient (adj.) knowing everything
omnipotent (adj.) powerful enough to do everything

←→ impotent (adj.) unable to do anything effective because of a lack of power

astro : star                                      eg. astrological, astronomy, astronaut 
astrological (adj.) relating to the study of how the stars and planets move and how they might influence people’s characters and lives 

 
astronomy (n.) the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other objects in the universe

 
astronaut (n.) the symbol *. In a piece of writing, an asterisk is used after a word or phrase to show that more information is given in a footnote.

mono : one                                     monogamy, monotheism

bi : two                                            bicycle, bigamy

tri : three                                         triangle, trigonometry

quar : four                                       quarter

penta : five                                      pentagon, pentagram

oct : eight                                        octopus, October
October is the eighth month in the old Roman calendar, October retained its name after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans.

nov : eleven                                    November

sub : under   ver : 推翻                   eg. subversive
subversive (adj.) intended to destroy the power or influence of a government or an established belief
    

2. extra information

a. James Madison

On the Congress wall,

"Knowledge will forever govern ignorance; and a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives."

→ You are the Captain of your ship.

b. Dead poets society 春風化雨

Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film written by Tom Schulman, directed by Peter Weir and starring Robin Williams. Set at the conservative and aristocratic Welton Academy in the Northeastern United States in 1959, it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry.
→ extended metaphor → conceit (far rich) 
→ o captain! My captain!

c. O captain! My captain!

Part of text :

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,

The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,

The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,

While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;

But O heart! heart! heart!

O the bleeding drops of red,

Where on the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead. 

→ About the death of Abraham Lincoln.

d. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d,（多一個e就多一個音節，但詩韻是固定的）

And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night,

I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

                     （吶喊似的呼喊）

Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring,

                                                            （花的形狀像三角形）

Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west,

And thought of him I love. 

   

You are the Captain of Your Ship

e. cinnamon bread 肉桂捲

f. NATO phonetic alphabet

The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet and also known as the ICAO radiotelephonic, phonetic or spelling alphabet and the ITU radiotelephonic or phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephonic spelling alphabet.




 

WEEK 13 字源筆記

1. prefix, root and suffix

er, or, ist, ian, ant, ent : people's profession         
                                                      eg. protester, protestant, contestant, applicant, attendant
protester (n.) someone who publicly shows their opposition to something such as a law or policy

 
protestant (n.) a member of a group of Christian churches that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century

juv : young                                     eg. juvenile, rejuvenate
rejuvenate (v.) to make someone feel or look younger or have more energy

 

syn : together  chron : time             eg. synchronize

synchronize (v.)  to make two or more things happen or move at the same time or speed

bell : war                                         eg. rebellious, antebellum

rebellious (adj.) fighting to remove a government or leader by force

 

antebellum (adj.) happening or existing in the US in the period before the start of the Civil War in 1861

2. extra information

a. situation comedy

 

A situation comedy, often shortened to the portmanteau sitcom, is a genre of comedy that features characters sharing the same common environment, such as a home or workplace, with often humorous dialogue. Such programs originated in radio, but today, sitcoms are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. 

b. A Farewell to Arms

A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. A Farewell to Arms is about a love affair between the expatriate American Henry and Catherine Barkley against the backdrop of the First World War, cynical soldiers, fighting and the displacement of populations.

c. Protestant v.s. Catholics

The difference between protestants and catholic.

  

d. The fountain of Youth

The Fountain of Youth is a spring that supposedly restores the youth of anyone who drinks or bathes in its waters. The legend became particularly prominent in the 16th century, when it became attached to the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, first Governor of Puerto Rico. According to an apocryphal combination of New World and Eurasian elements, Ponce de León was searching for the Fountain of Youth when he traveled to what is now Florida in 1513. 

e. Journey of the Magi （東方三賢人）

 

"Journey of the Magi" is a 43-line poem written in 1927 by T. S. Eliot (1888–1965).
"Journey of the Magi" opens with a quote about a journey, and it's a cold and difficult one. From the title of the poem, we can guess that this is the journey of the Three Kings (or Three Wise Men, or Magi) to the birthplace of Jesus. （對精神文明的質疑和突顯現在主義的荒蕪）

f. merry-go-round

A carousel (American English), roundabout (British English), or merry-go-round, is an amusement ride consisting of a rotating circular platform with seats for riders. The "seats" are traditionally in the form of rows of wooden horses or other animals mounted on posts, many of which are moved up and down by gear work to simulate galloping, to the accompaniment of looped circus music.